AIDS Is It A Modern Plague Essays - HIVAIDS, Pandemics

AIDS: Is it a Modern Plague? Donna Kundu In some parts of the world there are still wars being fought and dictators in power. There are societies which consider themselves at the peak of evolution and progress. They are able to create state of the art automobiles, luxurious homes, efficient and organized industries, complex computerized machinery and atomic weapons. Many societies are governed by a democratic system which herald a belief in freedom. All societies, regardless of their political and economic makeup, are also ruled by a special class of dictators; these dictators are unseen to the naked eye, and are invincible. These invisible tyrants are microorganisms. Underdeveloped countries, technologically advanced countries, and those in between are at the mercy of these microorganisms, which come in many forms - viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. The most dangerous of these forms is the virus. Some viruses, such as the common flu, are considered to have a fairly detrimental capacity. The flu can incapacitate a human for several weeks with various symptoms such as bodily soreness, fever, bronchial complications, and even pneumonia. But while these conditions can be painful and frightening, we are usually confident that proper medication and rest will take care of the matter. However there is a much more severe and indiscriminate tyrant, with enormous corrupting influence, capable of infiltrating all of civilization. Scientifically, it is a submicroscopic pathogen consisting of a particle of nucleic acid, enclosed in proteins, and able to replicate only within a living cell. Socially, it is responsible for an enormous amount of chaos and fear in the world today, and pronounces the human fault of ignorance. Can it be considered to be a modern plague? This complex and confusing king of all tyrants is called Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV. HIV is a retrovirus. Retroviruses are commonly identified in many animal species, but HIV and its variants, such as HTLV I, HTLV II, HTLV III are among the rare retroviruses found in humans. It is transmitted through blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. HIV is a retrovirus of the Lentivirus group and is the etiologic agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS was first recognized as a disease syndrome in 1981; HIV was identified as its cause in 1984. AIDS is a life and death issue. To have the AIDS disease is at present a sentence of slow but inevitable death. There currently is neither a cure, nor an effective treatment, and no vaccine either. But there are things that have been proven immensely effective in slowing the spread of this hideously lethal disease. Scientist believe that the disease originated somewhere in Africa about 20 years ago. HIV antibodies were found in serum drawn in parts of Africa in the early 1970, leading many investigators to believe that the disease originated in Africa, spreading to the Caribbean, and then to the United States. In Africa it first appeared as a mysterious ailment afflicting primarily heterosexuals of both sexes. It probably was spread especially fast by female prostitutes living there. AIDS has already become a crisis of staggering proportions in parts of Africa. In Zaire, it is estimated that over twenty percent of the adults currently carry the virus. That figure is increasing. On a global scale, the AIDS epidemic is rapidly expanding. Africa, which represents about 10 percent of the global population, now accounts for more than 60 percent of the total HIV infections among adults worldwide. In comparison, North America and South America combined account for less than 20 percent of the adult HIV infections. More than 90 percent of HIV infections in Africa are due to heterosexual transmission. An AIDS epidemic is also emerging in Asia, where new HIV infections increased by 80 percent in the last three years, and estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that AIDS in Asia will cause unprecedented rates of infection and death. The major strain of HIV in the North America, Europe, and central Africa is known as HIV-1. In western Africa, AIDS is also caused by HIV-2, a strain of HIV closely related to HIV-1. Other distantly related strains of HIV-1 have been identified in various areas of the world. Although some of these strains cannot be detected using the current blood-screening methods,

“Blueback” by Tim Winton Essay Essay Example

â€Å"Blueback† by Tim Winton Essay Essay Example â€Å"Blueback† by Tim Winton Essay Paper â€Å"Blueback† by Tim Winton Essay Paper Essay Question: How does Tim Winton use the elements of narrations to covey his subject? Have you of all time read a narrative about a male child whose best friend is a fish? In Blueback by Tim Winton this is precisely what happens. Like in many of Winton’s narratives Blueback is set in a seaside town in Western Australia. Winton uses the scene. characters. struggle and declaration to portray the message that we should protect the environment and non loot the oceans for our ain benefit. The chief Fictional characters in Blueback are Able and his Mum. Dora. who live in the sleepy seaside town of Longboat bay. Winton constructs Longboat bay as a peaceable rather topographic point that belongs merely to Able. Dora and Blueback. a topographic point were they enjoy plunging and were â€Å"Able swims with his female parent in turquoise Waterss † . Winton constructs this scene to do the reader think of it as a healthy easygoing topographic point to populate off from the metropolis. Winton makes Abel’s place sound like a really pleasant topographic point to populate being nestled between Longboat bay with its abundant marine life and pristine national park. with booming wild life. Able and Dora enjoy the simple life and are really self sufficient and make everything from repairing motors to roll uping ear-shell and selling the shells. Able and Dora take advantage of the land and travel fishing and seting harvests Dora Tells Able that â€Å"Able and his female parent lived of the sea and land. Jackson had been populating here like this for more than a 100 years† . Able is constructed as a strong willed character that does his best to assist other people and the environment. When Able sees Costello â€Å"stripping the reef bare† he goes out to seek and halt him and in the procedure saves Blueback. this to me shows that Abel is a really unselfish individual. Another illustration of able being unselfish is when Longboat Bay is about ruined by an oil spill. and Able hastes place from the metropolis to seek and assist. Able and his married woman even quit their occupations to look after his Dendranthema grandifloruom when she gets ill. Winton constructs Able as a character that makes us believe about the environment and other people more. One of the chief struggles in Blueback is when Able and Dora seek to salvage Blueback from Costello. Able sees Costello taking all the fish and all the Abalone from the bay efforts to halt him. Able rapidly boards Costello’s boat and throws the ear-shell back into the H2O trusting they might last. Meanwhile Dora swims down to look into on Blueback. Able swam down to his female parent and realised that Costello was seeking spear Blueback. Costello had already changeable one lance that had missed Blueback my the narrowest or borders and was recharging. Unexpectedly Blueback swam off. On the surface Dora told Able that she â€Å"Biffed† the fish on in the caput to frighten it off. Winton uses this struggle to do the reader think about non taking to much from the ocean for your ain benefit and continuing what we have. Costello is constructed as a average selfish character who is merely interested in making something for his ain addition. Costello is the complete antonym of Able and merely thinks about himself and doesn’t attention for the environment at all. Dora describes Able as a â€Å"hard case† and says there is nil Able can make to halt him taking all the ear-shell from Longboat Bay. Even though Able does halt Costello taking more Abalone he still took many undersize fish and broke the jurisprudence. When Able got on Costello’s boat he saw that. â€Å" the deck was afloat with blood. Able had speared fish about every twenty-four hours of his life but he had neer seen such slaughter like this. † Winton uses Costello’s character makes the reader think about being more cognizant of actions that may impact other people and the image of a deck awash with blood to do people experience disgust. Winton uses the scene. characters. struggle and declaration to state his narrative and to give us the message that we must protect the environment. He does this by holding two chief scenes in Blueback. the first is Able’s place. a peaceable tranquil bay and the 2nd scene. the metropolis which is constructed as a dull noisy topographic point that Able describes as â€Å"hemmed in† . The chief message in this novel is that we must continue what we have.

The study of motivation in consumers which stimulates them to purchase Literature review

The study of motivation in consumers which stimulates them to purchase luxury goods despite the steep and increasing price - Literature review Example Again during 2004-2007, when the luxury industry was expanding and emerging into other markets, the CAGR was 8 percent (Amatulli and Guido, 2011). The growth of luxury goods market was caused by two important factors. Firstly the economic growth all throughout the world has lead to the creation of new class of rich people (Vigneron and Johnson, 2004) and secondly, the increase in the demand and range of products of luxury goods (Silverstein and Fiske, 2003). However, the sales of luxury goods were predicted to ease in 2013 due to the lower growth rate in China and subdued spending in Europe (Reuters, 2013; Wendlandt and Binnie, 2013). The sales are expected to hover around 4 to 5 percent as compared to the 5 percent sales in the year 2012 (Bain & Company, 2013). It is also expected that the revenue generated from the luxury market will rise 50 percent faster than the global GDP and the annual average growth rate will be around 5 to 6 percent in the year 2015 (Bain & Company, 2013). T he four main categories that come under luxury goods are Jewellery and watches Spirits and wines Cosmetics and perfume Fashion that includes accessories, ready-to-wear and couture (Jackson, 2004). Recently some other categories were also added like airlines, home furnishing, private banking, tourism, hotels and luxury automobiles (Chevalier and Mazzalovo, 2008). Fashion luxury goods include perfume, jewellery, watches, shoes, handbags, accessories and apparels, the display or use of which only brings prestige for the owner and functional utility takes a back seat (Vigneron and Johnson, 2004). Some of the research scholars have previously tried to highlight on the profile of the buyer and understand the reason behind the consumption of luxury goods (Dubois, Czellar and Laurent, 2005; Husic and Cicic, 2009; Summers, Belleau and Xu 2006; Wiedmann, Hennigs and Siebels, 2007). Some others have focused on the role of brand in the consumption of luxury products (Fionda and Moore, 2009; Kap ferer and Bastien, 2009; O’Cass and Frost, 2002; Phau and Prendergast, 2000; Tsai, 2005). More specifically Vigneron and Johnson (1999, cited by Amatulli and Guido, 2011) has focused on the presence of interpersonal and personal motives behind the consumption of luxury goods. In this section the focus is on luxury branding, pricing and issues that influences buying behaviour. 2.2 Meaning of luxury The word luxury has been derived from the Latin word â€Å"luxus†, which signifies the pleasure of senses irrespective of cost. Vigneron and Johnson (2004) have created a framework that consists of five components, which provides the meaning of luxury. High quality is associated with luxury goods, which is perceived as a fundamental attribute. Quality signifies craftsmanship, utility, sophistication, technology, design and material etc. Origin and tradition of the product along with the perceived superiority and excellence of the products acts as the reassuring factors which is a motivating factor for the customers who are buying any luxury goods. Semiotics of luxury has identified hedonistic value, which signifies the emotional responses linked to the consumption of luxury goods like excitement, sensory gratification and aesthetic beauty. Consumption is about the experience and feeling of pleasure that the consumer gets from the ownership of the goods like self-indulgence, fulfilment and personal reward. Conspicuous is another value attached with the consumption o

Explain some of the reasons for the increase in family diversity over Essay

Explain some of the reasons for the increase in family diversity over the last 30 years - Essay Example However, family is considered to be the most important because it is the most significant institution for primary socialization of the young and to provide support and security to the members of the family. With time it has been claimed by many sociologists that the institution of the family is in decline due to the changes which are occurring in our surroundings. (Giddens,2005) There have been many changes in the family over the years. There has been a decline in marriage followed by an increase in cohabitation and lone parent families. The loss of functions supported by the weakening of extended kinship links have resulted in declining family sizes. It is these changes that have caused increasing diversity in the family structures and these changes will be discussed in detail. Family is said to have lost most of its functions. Functionalist as a perspective, specialize in explaining the functions of all social institutions. Parsons and other functionalists argue that with the comin g of industrialization the functions of the family have reduced and have been taken over by other institutions through the coming of the welfare state. This has resulted in structural differentiation of the functions (Browne, 2006, pg 43). According to Parsons Family now have two basic functions: primary socialization of the young and the stabilization of the adult personalities. Initially family was a unit of production as well as a place which was not only responsible for the primary socialization of the young but also involved in their health and education aspects. However, with the coming of the welfare state health and education are no longer the primary functions of the family. Now family is more a unit of consumption rather than a unit of production. (Giddens, 2005) The next visible change in the family is the weakening of the link with the extended kin. As time has progressed after industrialization there has arrived a need of a more geographically mobile workforce. This has resulted in different members of the extended family to go for work to different places. People have become richer now and the standard of living has improved due to the existence of the welfare state. The society has now transformed into a meritocratic one where the name and background is no longer important and this result in the weakening of the ties of the extended family. (Browne, 2006) There is an argument put forward by sociologists that the extended family does exist in the modern society. It has just evolved into a different shape. A very good example will be the Asian community in Britain (Browne, 2006, pg 50). The Asians are usually found living close to each other where there might be separate nuclear families living in the same street or neighborhood, and in regular contact with each other. Such examples have been visible in many areas and giving rise to the concept of modified extended families. This means that even though the children are living away from their paren ts they are in contact with their kin. It can be said the kin are a means of support and this type of family is common in many parts of the world. Julia Brannen (2003) argues that now we are living in the age of the beanpole family. As the expected lives of people are increasing and they are living longer this is giving rise to a family where there are four

Picassos Background And Life Experiences Essay Example for Free

Picassos Background And Life Experiences Essay Picasso was arguably the most influential artist of the twentieth century. He had some degree of influence in all styles of painting which were used during his time, and was known and respected by almost every art enthusiast on the face of the planet. Pablo Picasso, born Pablo Ruiz Picasso, came into the world on the 25th of October 1881 in the southern Spanish town of Malaga. Pablo was an artist from early in his life he was a child prodigy. He began his career as a classical painter. He painted things such as portraits and landscapes. But this style didnt satisfy Picasso, he was a free man and wanted to express himself and ultimately leave a lasting mark on art, as we know it. Picasso turned his attention to cubes. He invented Cubism a radical art form that used harsh lines and corners to display a picture instead of the usual soft curves. Picasso won a lot of fame for his Cubist paintings, but was criticized for it also. He designed and painted the drop curtain and some giant cubist figures for a ballet in 1917. When the audience saw the huge distorted images on stage, they were angry, they thought the ballet was a joke at their expense. Cubism lived on despite this. Other artists mimicked Picassos Cubism, and it took hold. Picasso had only just begun his one-man art revolution. In the late 1920s, Picasso fixed himself upon an even more revolutionary art form Surrealism. Surrealism emphasized the role of the unconscious mind in creative activity. Surrealists aimed at creating art from dream, visions, and irrational impulses. Their paintings shocked the world particularly Picassos it was unlike anything anyone had ever seen before. He took advantage of this fact and also the fact that he was extremely famous, to make a few political statements, statements that would go down in history. 1936 saw the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Fascist revolutionaries, led by Francisco Franco took hold of Spain and imposed a fascist dictatorship upon the country. Due to poor economic control and disregard for the people on the part of the Fascists, the country went through hell. The unemployment rate was phenomenal. The majority of the population were peasants and lived in appalling conditions. Impoverished gangs scavenged in fields and rubbish heaps for anything they could find. A vast horde of ragged, jobless people  wandered around from town to town. On top of this the Fascists operated as a police state and therefore anyone who opposed it would be executed. This incident sparked the most important time in Picassos life. On April 26 1937, Nazi German bombers flying under orders from General Francisco Franco, laid waste to the town of Guernica, in the Basque part of Spain, killing many innocent civilians. The bombing of Guernica was an extremely cruel example to the rest o f Spain of what would happen if the Republican resistance continued. This action prompted Picasso to paint Guernica; some say his greatest masterpiece ever. It shows the suffering and destruction of the town, as well as Picassos own horror and outrage at what happened. The painting depicts death and carnage on a large scale. A grief stricken mother is holding her dead child, a woman is burning, a severed arm holding a broken spear is lying next to a dead man and a horse, which represents the people, has been speared through the heart and is in agony. The bull stands alone, above everything else. The painting shook not only the art world but also the political world. Guernica is Picassos major political expression of all his paintings. Even though it is a single painting, it did so much. And even though it is painted using expressionism, it is still so powerful and it made people realize what was going on in Spain and struck up sympathy for the Spanish people, and hatred for the fascists. Even though Picasso only aimed to express his own horror, outrage, suffering and sorrow of the Spanish people. By unleashing Guernica on the world, Picasso achieved more than he set out to do. Guernica struck up mixed emotions. The Nazis thought of his work as degenerate art not only did it defy the rules of painting; his artwork was anti-Fascist and therefore anti-Nazi. On the other hand, the British, Americans, French etc. loved his work because it expressed, as nothing else could, the horrors and atrocities of Fascism. When Nazi occupation of Paris came, Picassos work was prohibited from public exhibition. Picasso then took on a new role. He refused to leave Paris while the Nazis were there his fame protected him. But Picassos refusal to co-operate with the Germans also made him, as a person, a symbol of freedom, of the unvanquished spirit After the war however, Picassos work was not  met entirely with open arms. In Paris, those still influenced by Nazi propaganda, violently protested against Picasso. But this wore off and Picasso went down in history as not only one of the greatest artists ever, but also a hero, and a figure of defiance against Fascism. Works Cited Page  ·Pablo Picasso: The Early Years. E-Library Article Preview. http://ask.elibrary.com  ·Picasso and Braque : pioneering cubism : [exhibition] Museum of Modern Art, New York, September 24, 1989-January 16, 1990.  ·The Artist and the Camera : Degas to Picasso, by Kosinski, Dorothy M.

Michael Faraday :: essays research papers

Michael Faraday is a British physicist and chemist, best known for his discoveries of electromagnetic induction and of the laws of electrolysis. He was born in 1791 to a poor family in London, Michael Faraday was extremely curious, questioning everything. He felt an urgent need to know more. At age 13, he became an errand boy for a bookbinding shop in London. He read every book that he bound, and decided that one day he would write a book of his own. He became interested in the concept of energy, specifically force. Because of his early reading and experiments with the idea of force, he was able to make important discoveries in electricity later in life. He eventually became a chemist and physicist. Faraday built two devices to produce what he called electromagnetic rotation: that is a continuous circular motion from the circular magnetic force around a wire. Ten years later, in 1831, he began his great series of experiments in which he discovered electromagnetic induction. These experiments form the basis of modern electromagnetic technology. In 1831, using his "induction ring", Faraday made one of his greatest discoveries - electromagnetic induction: the "induction" or generation of electricity in a wire by means of the electromagnetic effect of a current in another wire. The induction ring was the first electric transformer. In a second series of experiments in September he discovered magneto-electric induction: the production of a steady electric current. To do this, Faraday attached two wires through a sliding contact to a copper disc. By rotating the disc between the poles of a horseshoe magnet he obtained a continuous direct current. This was the first generator. From his experiments came devices that led to the modern electric motor, generator and transformer. Faraday continued his electrical experiments. In 1832, he proved that the electricity induced from a magnet, voltaic electricity produced by a battery, and static electricity was all the same. He also did significant work in electrochemistry, stating the First and Second Laws of Electrolysis. This laid the basis for electrochemistry, another great modern industry. The research that established Faraday as the foremost experimental scientist of his day was, however, in the fields of electricity and magnetism. In 1821 he plotted the magnetic field around a conductor carrying an electric current; the existence of the magnetic field had first been observed by the Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted in 1819.

Does School Prepare You for Work Essay

Nowadays, it’s harder for fresh graduate to get employed because of the competition among one another. Many people have degree certificates now, as it is becoming more common and institutions are looking more for experiences over certificates. But then the purpose for going to colleges or universities are not mainly for the certificate provided, but mainly to get prepared for work later on. Well, for the key for success, the skills we need are to have academic knowledge to understand more about the field we’ve chosen, morality to gain trustworthiness in our working field and also communication to help us do better in our career. With knowledge, We can utilize the skills we learnt in school in our work field in future. Well, lecturers will teach us the basic that could help us in the specific career field we’ve picked, for example I’m now thinking of being an accountant in future that’s why I took accounting for my degree. Also, school can enable us prepare for our job as we learn how to write resume to be submitted before the interviews are carried on. In school, we’re also taught to have manners and a good behavior. Basically we’ve to respect the elderly, like teachers, in working field, we have to pay respect to our fellow colleagues and boss in order to gain loyalty. The second thing which is important is honesty,no one wants to employ a untruthful employee in their company that can’t be trusted. Another important thing is social communication, eye contact is a very important thing we shouldn’t missed out. We can participate more in public speaking which could help us to build more confidence and competency to help in our future jobs as charisma could help us become the leader. Working also enquire a lot of teamwork, so we should be more cooperative and always listen to each other’s opinion. As a conclusion, I think that by putting effort, we could definitely acquire a stable job that gives you a fixed income and also should approach for advice when we’re reluctant instead of ignoring it. With knowledge, manners and the right way to communicate, we wouldn’t have any worries for getting a job in the future.